Solomon; M. Kennedy, Jr. Dennis T. Retrieved 31 July Science journal. IMF working papers. Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty.
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Contemporary climate change includes both global warming and its impacts on Earth's weather patterns. There have been previous periods of climate changebut the current changes are distinctly rapid and are not due to natural causes. Burning fossil fuels for energy use creates most of these emissions, essay on global warming wikipedia. Agriculture, steelmakingcement production, and forest loss are additional sources. Collectively, these amplify global warming. On land, temperatures have risen about twice as fast as the global average. Deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common. It can also drive human migration. These include sea level riseand warmer, more acidic oceans. Many of these impacts are already felt at the current level of warming, which is about 1.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC projects even greater impacts as warming continues to 1. By themselves, these efforts to adapt cannot avert the risk of severe, widespread and permanent impacts, essay on global warming wikipedia. Under the Paris Agreementnations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2 °C" through mitigation efforts. However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about 2. Before the s, it was unclear whether warming by greenhouse gases would dominate aerosol-induced cooling. Scientists then often used the term inadvertent climate modification to refer to the human impact on the climate.
In the s, essay on global warming wikipedia terms global warming and climate change were popularised. The former refers only to increased surface warming, the latter describes the full effect of greenhouse gases on the climate. Various scientists, politicians and media figures have adopted the terms climate crisis or climate emergency to talk about climate change, and global heating instead of global warming. Multiple independent instrumental datasets show that the climate system is warming. There was little net warming between the 18th century and the midth century. Climate information for that period comes from climate proxiessuch as trees and ice cores. They show that natural variations offset the early effects of the Industrial Revolution.
Temperatures may have reached as high as those of the lateth century in a limited set of regions. Evidence of warming from air temperature measurements are reinforced with a wide range of other observations. Regions warm at various rates. The pattern is independent of where greenhouse gases are emitted, because the gases persist long enough to diffuse across the planet. Since the pre-industrial period, the average surface temperature over land regions has increased almost twice as fast as the global-average surface temperature.
The Northern Hemisphere and the North Pole have warmed much faster than the South Pole and Southern Hemisphere. The Northern Hemisphere not only has much more land, but also more seasonal snow cover and sea ice. As these surfaces flip from reflecting a lot of light to being dark after the ice has melted, essay on global warming wikipedia start absorbing more heat. The climate system experiences various cycles on its own which can last for years such as the El Niño—Southern Oscillationdecades or even centuries. To determine the human contribution to climate change, known internal climate variability and natural external forcings need to be ruled out. A key approach is to determine unique "fingerprints" for all potential causes, then compare these fingerprints with observed patterns of climate change.
Its fingerprint would be warming in the entire atmosphere, essay on global warming wikipedia. Yet, only the lower atmosphere has warmed, consistent with greenhouse essay on global warming wikipedia forcing. The Earth absorbs sunlightthen radiates it as heat. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb and reemit infrared radiation, slowing the rate at which it can pass through the atmosphere and escape into space. Human activity since the Industrial Revolution, mainly extracting and burning fossil fuels coaloiland natural gas[68] has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in a radiative imbalance.
Concentrations of methane are far higher than they were over the lastyears. Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions inexcluding those from land use change, were equivalent to 52 billion tonnes of CO 2. Despite the contribution of deforestation to greenhouse gas emissions, the Essay on global warming wikipedia land surface, particularly its forests, remain a significant carbon sink for CO 2. Natural processes, such as carbon fixation in the soil and photosynthesis, more than offset the greenhouse gas contributions from deforestation. First, CO 2 dissolves in the surface water.
Afterwards, the ocean's overturning circulation distributes it deep into the ocean's interior, where it accumulates over time as part of the carbon cycle. Air pollutionin the form of aerosolsnot only puts a large burden on human health, but also affects the climate on a large scale. Aerosols scatter and absorb solar radiation. They also have indirect effects on the Earth's radiation budget. Sulfate aerosols act as cloud condensation essay on global warming wikipedia and lead to clouds that have more and smaller cloud droplets. These clouds reflect solar radiation more efficiently than clouds with fewer and larger droplets. While aerosols typically limit global warming by reflecting sunlight, black carbon in soot that falls on snow or ice can contribute to global warming.
Not only does this increase the absorption of sunlight, it also increases melting and sea-level rise. Humans change the Earth's surface mainly to create more agricultural land. Land use changes not only affect greenhouse gas emissions. The type of vegetation in a region affects the local temperature. It impacts how much of the sunlight gets reflected back into space albedoand how much heat is lost by evaporation. For instance, the change from a dark forest to grassland makes the surface lighter, causing it to reflect essay on global warming wikipedia sunlight.
Deforestation can also affect temperatures by modifying the release of chemical compounds that influence clouds, and by changing wind patterns. Physical climate models are unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when taking into account only variations in solar output and volcanic activity. Explosive volcanic eruptions represent the largest natural forcing over the industrial era. When the eruption is sufficiently strong with sulfur dioxide reaching the stratospheresunlight can be partially blocked for a couple of years, essay on global warming wikipedia.
The temperature signal lasts about twice as long. In the industrial era, volcanic activity has had negligible impacts on global temperature trends. The response of the climate system to an initial forcing is modified by feedbacks: increased by self-reinforcing feedbacks and reduced by balancing feedbacks. As air gets warmer, it can hold more moisture. After initial warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases, the atmosphere will hold more water, essay on global warming wikipedia. Water vapour is a potent greenhouse essay on global warming wikipedia, so this further heats the atmosphere.
If clouds become higher and thinner, they act as an insulator, reflecting heat from below back downwards and warming the planet. Around half of human-caused CO 2 emissions have been absorbed by land plants and by the oceans. Climate change increases droughts and heat waves that inhibit plant growth, which makes it uncertain whether this carbon sink will continue to grow in the future. Future warming depends on the strengths of climate feedbacks and on emissions of greenhouse gases. The physical realism of models is tested by examining their ability to simulate contemporary or past climates. A subset of climate models add societal factors to a simple physical climate model.
These models simulate how population, economic growthand energy use affect — and interact with — the physical climate. Essay on global warming wikipedia this information, these models can produce scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions. This is then used as input for physical climate models to generate climate change projections. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report projects that global warming is very likely to reach 1. In an intermediate scenario global warming would reach 2. The remaining carbon budget is determined by modelling the carbon cycle and the climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases. There are high uncertainties about the budget. For instance, it may be gigatonnes of CO 2 smaller due to methane release from permafrost and wetlands.
The environmental effects of climate change are broad and far-reaching, affecting oceans, ice, and weather. Changes may occur gradually or rapidly. Evidence for these effects comes from studying climate change in the past, from modelling, and from modern observations. Global sea level is rising as a consequence of glacial meltmelt of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarcticaand thermal expansion. Between andthe rise increased over time, averaging 3. Climate change has led to decades of shrinking and thinning of the Arctic sea ice. An increase in dissolved CO 2 is causing oceans to acidify. The long-term effects of climate change include further ice melt, ocean warming, sea level rise, and ocean acidification.
This is due to CO 2 's long atmospheric lifetime. Recent warming has driven many terrestrial and freshwater species poleward and towards higher altitudes. However, essay on global warming wikipedia, heatwaves and drought have reduced ecosystem productivity in some regions. The future balance of these opposing effects is unclear. The oceans have heated more slowly than the land, but plants and animals in the ocean have migrated towards the colder poles faster than species on land. Almost half of global wetlands have disappeared due to climate change and other human impacts. Ecological collapse. Bleaching has damaged the Great Barrier Reef and threatens reefs worldwide. Extreme weather. Drought and high temperatures worsened the bushfires in Australia.
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Short global warming essay wikipedia During the last 5 years the world an immense rise in environmental pollution due …. Dario analysis essay global warming summary essay papers, short essay on balanced Essay on Global Warming in English - Our globe is getting warmer and warmer each day. Benny Josef Peiser born is a social anthropologist specialising in the environmental and socio-economic impact of physical activity on health. He was a senior lecturer in the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University LJMU and is a visiting fellow at the University of Buckingham. Yahoo Web Search Yahoo Settings. Home Mail News Finance Fantasy Sports Shopping Weather Lifestyle Help Settings. Sign In. Search query. All Images Videos News. Local Shopping.
Anytime Past day Past week Past month. About 94, search results. info academic-publishing. Most climate scientists say that by the year temperatures will be 2 °C 3. Sea level is rising for two reasons: ice on the land, like Greenland , melts into the sea. Water also gets larger when it warms. Many cities will be partly flooded by the ocean in the 21st century. Global warming is mostly because of people burning things, like gasoline for cars and natural gas to keep houses warm. But the heat from the burning itself only makes the world a tiny bit warmer: it is the carbon dioxide from the burning which is the biggest part of the problem. Among the greenhouse gases , the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming, as predicted by Svante Arrhenius a hundred years ago, confirming the work of Joseph Fourier more than years ago.
When people burn fossil fuels like coal , oil and natural gas this adds carbon dioxide into the air. When people cut down many trees deforestation , this means less carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere by those plants. As the Earth's surface temperature becomes hotter the sea level rises. This is partly because water expands when it gets warmer. The sea level rise causes coastal areas to flood. Deserts will probably increase in size. Colder areas will warm up faster than warm areas. Strong storms may become more likely and farming may not make as much food. These effects will not be the same everywhere. The changes from one area to another are not well known. Governments have agreed to keep temperature rise below 2 °C 3.
People in government and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC are talking about global warming. But governments, companies, and other people do not agree on what to do about it. Some things that could reduce warming are to burn less fossil fuels, grow more trees, eat less meat, and put some carbon dioxide back in the ground. People could adapt to some temperature change. The Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement try to reduce pollution from the burning of fossil fuels. Most governments have agreed to them but some people in government think nothing should change. The gas produced by cows digestion also causes global warming, because it contains a greenhouse gas called methane.
Climate change has happened constantly over the history of the Earth , including the coming and going of ice ages. But modern climate change is different because people are putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere very quickly. Since the s, people have recorded the daily temperature. By about , there were enough places measuring temperature so that scientists could know the global average temperature. Compared with before people started burning a lot of coal for industry , the temperature has risen by about 1 °C 1. Before , there were not enough temperature measurements for us to know how warm or cold it was.
Climatologists use proxy measurements to try to figure out past temperatures before there were thermometers. This means measuring things that change when it gets colder or warmer. One way is to cut into a tree and measure how far apart the growth rings are. Trees that live a long time can give us an idea of how temperature and rain changed while they were alive. For most of the past years the average temperature of the world didn't change much. There were some times where the temperatures were a little warmer or cooler in some places.
One of the most famous warm times was the Medieval Warm Period and one of the most famous cool times was the Little Ice Age not really an ice age. Other proxy measurements like the temperature measured in deep holes mostly agree with the tree rings. Tree rings and bore holes can only help scientists work out the temperature back to about years ago. Ice cores are also used to find out the temperature back to about half a million years ago. There a many greenhouse gases that cause the Earth to warm. The most important one is carbon dioxide CO 2. CO 2 comes from power plants , where coal and natural gas are burnt. Cars also emit CO 2 when they burn petrol. About 23 billion tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the Earth's atmosphere each year.
The rest mostly comes from changes in how land is used, like cutting down trees. The second most important greenhouse gas is methane. This comes mostly from food production. Some methane also leaks when oil and gas are produced. Dust and dirt in the air may come from natural sources such as volcanos , [14] [15] erosion and meteoric dust. Some of this dirt falls out within a few hours. Some is aerosol , so small that it could stay in the air for years. The aerosol particles in the atmosphere make the earth colder. The effect of dust therefore cancels out some of the effects of greenhouse gases. Some people burn less fossil fuel. Countries try to emit less greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol was signed in It was meant to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to below their levels in However, carbon dioxide levels have continued to rise.
Energy conservation is used to burn less fossil fuel. People can also use energy sources that don't burn fossil fuel, like solar panels or electricity from nuclear power or wind power. Or they can prevent the carbon dioxide from getting out into the atmosphere, which is called carbon capture and storage CCS. Geoengineering is also seen by some as one a way to slow or stop climate change. People can change how they live because of the impacts of climate change. For example, they can go to places where the weather is better, or build walls around cities to keep flood water out. This cost money, and rich people and rich countries will be able to change more easily than the poor. As early as the s a lot of scientists were finding out about climate change.
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